Sacrifice

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shri. Sachin Joshi Guruji

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अन्नाद्भवन्ति भूतानि पर्जन्यादन्नसंभवः । यज्ञाद्भवति पर्जन्यो यज्ञः कर्मसमुद्भवः ॥

अर्थ: संपूर्ण सजीव सृष्टी अन्नावर अवलंबून आहे, अन्नाची निर्मिती पावसापासून होते, पाऊस यज्ञाद्वारे प्राप्त होतो आणि यज्ञ विहित कर्मातून निर्माण होतो.

What is a sacrifice?

The meaning of the metal 'Yaj' is worship, association (coming together), donation.

A sacrifice is an offering (sacrifice) made in front of a fire by invoking the gods with specific mantras, thereby satisfying the gods, sages, and ancestors and achieving public welfare.

Yajna is the sacred fire worship of the Vedic tradition . It is a way of achieving harmony with the gods, nature, and the universe by offering sacrifices in the fire .

The purpose of the yajna is to purify, increase positive energy, and achieve well-being and peace. The yajna is performed through chanting and rituals.

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Vedic Ritual

References from Vedic scriptures

Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, Atharvaveda — The importance of sacrifice is mentioned in all the four Vedas. The rituals of various sacrifices are given in the texts like Manusmriti, Shatapatha Brahmana, and Katyayana Shrautasutra. There are five types of Yajna namely Devayagya, Pitriyagya, Rishiyagya, Athityagya and Bhootyagya .

The purpose of the sacrifice

Maintaining the balance of creation Environmental purification Appeasement of gods, sages, ancestors Personal and social welfare Meditation for attaining salvation

Main parts of the sacrifice

According to Vedic tradition, Yajna is a highly disciplined and scriptural process. The following five major elements (limbs) are of particular importance for the completion of the Yajna:

Homkund / Yajnakund – Where the fire is lit.
Yajna Fire –: Three types: Garhapatya, Ahavaniya, Dakshinagni.
Chanting – Recitation of Rich, Yajuh, Sama mantras.
Havishya / Sacrifice – Sajuk ghee, samidha (special wood), grains, medicinal plants.
Ritwik – Priestly class: Hotri, Adhvaryu, Uddatta, Brahma.
यज्ञाची प्रमुख अंगे

Process and sequence of the yajna ritual

Resolution

stating the purpose of the sacrifice.

Fire lighting

Ritual lighting of a fire.

Invocation of Deity

Invocation of a specific deity through mantras.

Offering in the fire of sacrifice

Havishya – with chanting of mantras .

Purnahuti

where the fire is lit.

Shantipath

Prayer for the well-being of all beings in the world.

Benefits of sacrifice (from Vedic perspective)

  • Spiritual progress and the path to salvation.
  • Pollution in the atmosphere is destroyed.
  • Projection of energy for the welfare of living beings.
  • Improvement of mental and physical health.
  • Karma Shuddhi and Debt Redemption.

Vedic significance

  • Yagya vai shreshtamam karma — Yagya is the best action (Bhagavadgita 4.23).
  • The gods are not satisfied without sacrifice.
  • It is through sacrifice that rain, food growth, and the cycle of creation proceed (Gita 3.14).

Types of Yagnas (Vedic Period)

Nitya Yajna—

Sacrifices were performed daily (Agnihotra, Darsha Poornama, Agrayana).

Kamya yajna —

For specific fruits (Putrakameshti, Sarvakameshti, Rajasuya, Ashwamedha).

Propitiatory Sacrifice —

For the avoidance of sin.

Social Sacrifice —

For public welfare (Public Satyanarayana Yagya, Rudrayagya, Durgayagya).